Health Education Complete Notes

 Unit-1 [ PERSONAL HYGIENE AND HEALTHY PRACTICE]

1.  ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

a.  What is the personal hygiene? Write its importance.

Ans: Personal hygiene is the behavior that must be practiced in daily life, staring from morning to sleep time to protect our health. In another word, personal hygiene is how we care of our body. This practice includes bathing, washing our hands, brushing our teeth, and more.

b.  How should we clean our ear?

Ans: We should clean our ear by using a washcloth. We also can try putting a few drops of baby oil, mineral oil, or glycerin in our ear to soften the wax and then we can remove the wax and wastes inside our ear using earwax removal kit (ear pick).

c.  How should we brush our teeth?

Ans: We should brush our teeth correctly, twice a day. Or by following the mentioned steps.

a.     Choosing toothbrush: A good toothbrush is important for a good smile.

b.    Angle: Hold the toothbrush at a 45-degree angle to the gums.

c.     Brush. Do not scrub the teeth hard.

d.    Outer or inner: Start cleaning the outer surface of the teeth

e.    Two Minutes, Twice a day.

 

d.  What will happen if we do not wash our hands?

Ans: Wastes, Germs, bacteria can attach to our hands and make them dirty if we do not wash our hands. Similarly, we may be suffered from various kinds of diseases.

e.  What should the girls do during menstruation?

Ans: During the time of menstruation there is a flow of blood from the female genital. It should be cleaned with clean water and sanitary pad should be used to absorb the blood. At this stage girls should maintain cleanliness. It is better to have nutritious food during this stage.

f.  What else should we do to keep us healthy beside balanced diet?

Ans: We should exercise daily, maintain the physical and mental health fine, maintain our cleanliness and take proper rest and sleep, etc. to keep us healthy beside balance diet.

g.  What should be the sleeping place like?

Ans: Sleeping place should be well ventilated and quiet.

 

Unit-2 [ WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION ]

1.  ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

a.  What do you mean by environment?

Ans: Anything around us is environment. It consists of both living and non-living world including atmosphere. The surrounding of a place like houses, forests, rivers, street, animals, and the mass of surrounding environment.

 

b.  What is waste? Write its types.

Ans: There are certain things which we discard or produced in house which we do not use any more and intend to throw them can be called waste. Its types are: -

a.             a. Biodegradable                           b. Non-biodegradable

 

c.  How are the people fouling their environment?

Ans: The people are fouling their environment by doing the activities like waste disposal, burning of fuel, sewage disposal in the rivers, etc.

d.  How is compost manure prepared?

Ans: Compost manure is prepared by collecting the organic wastes in a pit then putting into a pit. When the wastes get decay, it forms black solid, which can be used as compost manure. Thus, it is the process of making compost manure.

e.  How can we maintain environment sanitation?

Ans: We can maintain environment sanitation by applying the following measures:

·        Safe water supply

·        Controlled number of houses

·        Proper disposal of household wastes

·        Safe animals, human and industrial waste disposal

·        Maintaining greenery around the house and afforestation.

 

 

 

 

Unit-3 [ FOOD FOR HEALTHY LIVING]

a.  What is balanced diet?

Ans: Balanced diet is a mixture of different types of food that supply essential nutrients required for the body.

b.  What should we include in our diet?

Ans: we should include the following things in our diet: -

·        Plenty of colourful vegetables, beans.

·        Fruit.

·        Grain (Cereal) foods- mostly wholegrains and high fiber varieties

·        Lean meats and poultry, fish, eggs, nuts and seeds.

·        Milk, yoghurt, cheese or their alternatives, mostly reduced fat.

·        Drink plenty of water.

c.  What do you mean by junk food? Is it good for us in terms of health?

Ans: Junk food means the foods which are not good for health. "Junk food" is a term used to describe food that is high in calories from sugar and/or fat and possibly also sodium but little dietary fiber, protein, vitamins, minerals, or other important forms of nutritional value.

No, it is not good for us in terms of health.

d.  List the foods that give us energy.

Ans: The foods that give us energy are mentioned below: -

·        Carbohydrates (Rice, Chapati, wheat, sweet potatoes, etc.)

·        Fats (animals fats, vegetable fats, ghee, oil, nuts etc.)

 

e.  Write the chief minerals needed for our body with their sources.

Ans: The chief minerals needed for our body with their sources are as follows: -

Minerals: Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, iron, iodine, zinc, copper, etc.

Sources of:

Calcium: Milk, cheese and other dairy foods.

Phosphorus: meats, poultry, fish, nuts, beans, and dairy products.

Potassium: Banana, oranges, honeydew, apricots, etc.

Sodium: Milk, beets, celery, etc.

Iron: red meats, fish and poultry.

f.  Write the healthy eating tips.

Ans: The healthy eating tips are as follows: -

·        Always choose whole grain meals

·        Drink several glasses of water every day.

·        Always choose fat free meat rather than high fat meats.

·        Avoids food with higher fat and added sugar.

g.  Make a list of food you eat as breakfast, lunch, Khaja (snacks) and dinner/supper. Write the different types of food nutrients found in the food you eat. Is it balanced diet?

Ans: The following are the list of food I used to eat as breakfast, lunch, Khaja (snacks) and dinner/supper.

Foods	Items	Nutrients
Breakfast (Morning)	Milk tea, bread, chapati, etc.	Carbohydrates, fats, protein, etc.
Lunch (afternoon)	Rice, Dal, Vegetable, etc.	Carbohydrates, fats, protein, minerals, vitamins, fiber, etc.
Khaja (Snacks)(Evening)	Fruits, Juice, Potato chips, etc.	Vitamins, protein, minerals, water, etc.
Dinner/meal/supper (Night)	Chapati/Roti, rice, meat, fish, salad, etc.	Carbohydrates, fats, protein, minerals, vitamins, etc.

Yes , It is balanced diet which I used to eat daily.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unit-5 [ COMMUNICAIBALE DISEASES]

1.    ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

a.  How can TB be diagnosed?

Ans: TB (Tuberculosis) can be diagnosed by the following ways:-

• ·        TB skin Test (TST)
• ·        TB blood test
• ·        Sputum test, etc.

 

b.  What are the symptoms of chicken pox?

Ans: The symptoms of chicken pox are :-

·        Mild Fever, headache

·        Loss of appetite

·        Rashes appears on the skin e.g. face and at the back. Etc.

 

c.  What are the causes of whooping cough?

Ans: Whooping cough is caused by the virus. It is caused mainly due to the malnutrition and exposure of body in cold and polluted environment and carelessness.

 

d.  What are the symptoms of Cholera?

Ans: Watery stool, loose motion, frequently vomiting, rapid heartbeat, thirst, and restlessness are the symptoms of Cholera.

 

e.  What is HIV? How should we treat to HIV suffered people i.e. HIV victims?

Ans: HIV is a kind of virus which stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

We should treat to HIV suffered people by showing our love and affection and giving a courage to live happily.

f.  Mention the ways of preventing form HIV AIDS?

Ans: The ways of preventing form HIV AIDS are as follows: -

·        Sterilized needles should be used.

·        Infected syringe and needle should not be used.

·        Infected blood should not be used for transfusion.

·        HIV mother should not give the birth of the child.

Unit-6 [ ACCIDENT SAFETY AND FIRST AID]

1.    ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

a.  What is safety rule?

Ans: Protecting oneself and others from accidents to happen is called safety. The careful cautions habits to be followed during working hour are called safety rules.

 

b.  How does the accident occur in school? What should you do to avoid this?

Ans: The accident occurs in school due to our carelessness. We should follow the following safety rules to avoid the accidents in school:-

·        We should not run around wildly, pushing and chasing each other.

·        We should not go outside the gate with the permission of teachers.

·        We should play with our friends on the ground according to the instruction of the teacher.

·        We should not play with sharp objects like pen, pencil, compass, etc.

·        We should maintain our discipline while doing anything at school.

 

c.  What is first aid? Write any 3 basic first aid rules.

Ans: First aid is the emergency medical treatment provided to the victim before taking the hospital or further medical examination.

The three basic first aid rules are as follow: -

·        Be patient and handle the situation with calmness.

·        People should not be crowded around the victims.

·        First aid provider should seek the assistance of experts as soon as possible.

d.  How should we treat snake bite and dog bite?

Ans: We should treat snake bite and dog bite by following ways:

Snake Bite: By taking the victim to the hospital immediately. In the hospital victim is given anti-snake venom injection to neutralize the snake venom(poison).

 

Dog bite: By applying the antibiotic cream on the wounds to the victim, taking hospital as soon as possible. In hospital victim is given an anti-rabies vaccine with tetanus serum (ATS).

 

e.  What is the use of scissors and tweezers in first aid box?

Ans: The use of scissors is to cut bandages to fit wounds and help remove dressings so bandages can be changed, reducing the risk of infection.

And, the tweezers can be used for removing debris like dirt, splinters, or glass from wounds.

 

f.  Where and is why the first aid is provided to the victim of an accident?

Ans: On the spot of the accident the first aid is provided to provide care and help the victims. It reduces the chance of death of the victims.

 

Unit-7 [ Smoking, Alcohol and Drugs]

1.  Answer the following questions:

a.  What is smoking? What are two harmful substances of tobacco’s smoke?

Ans: The action or habit of inhaling and exhaling the smoke of tobacco in the form of cigarettes, Bidi and Tamakhu, etc. is called smoking. The two harmful substances of tobacco’s smoke are Nicotine and Tar (and Carbon monoxide).

 

b.  Write any five effects of tobacco smoking?

Ans: The five effects of tobacco smoking are: -

·        It causes heart disease and lungs disease.

·        Smoker’s teeth and fingers look yellow.

·        Smoker’s clothes and breath smells stale of smoke

·        Smokers have poor sense of smell and taste

·        The smoker’s skin looks grey and unhealthy.

 

c.  What do you mean by passive smoker?

Ans: The breathing in of cigarette smoke from people who are smoking nearby is known as passive smoker.

 

d.  Does anybody smoke in your family? How can you stop him/her from smoking?

Ans: No, there is nobody in my family smoke. If somebody smokes then I will stop them by explaining its harmful effects.

 

e.  What are the problems of alcoholism?

Ans: The problems of alcoholism are as follow: -

·        Alcohol loses temper and balance of the body.

·        It causes crimes and involve in the immoral activities.

·        Alcohol damages the internal organs like brain, liver, stomach, intestine, heart and kidney.

·        It affects the social status of a person.

 

f.  Why do the alcoholic people not give up their habit?

Ans: When people start drinking alcohol little at a time, it starts to form a habit; and it is hard to give up the habit easily so, the alcoholic people do not give up their habit.

 

g.  What do you mean by illicit drugs? What are the most commonly used illicit drugs by drug addicts?

Ans: The medicine or drug which is used in the ways other than doctor’s suggestion for recreational purpose is called illicit drug. Heroin, cocaine, marijuana (Ganja), Datura, Bhang, etc. are the most commonly used illicit drugs by drug addicts.

 

h.  What problems do the drug addicts face in their life?

Ans: Drugs addicts are likely to face following problems: -

·        Problems in family relationship and work place.

·        Accidents

·        Legal Problems

·        Financial problems.

 

Unit-7 [ Community Health service in Nepal]

1.  What are the community health programmes launched by the government in our country?

Ans: The community health programmes launched by the government in our country are as follows: -

·        Health promotion and awareness programme

·        Health and hygiene

·        Vaccination

·        Maternal and child care programme

 

2.  Why are vaccination programmes launched in our country?

Ans: Vaccination programmes are launched in our country to prevent the invasion of some disease-causing germs and keep them healthy These programmes also help all children by preventing serious childhood diseases.

 

3.  How can water samples from a place be tested?

Ans: Water samples from a place can be tested by bringing the water sample to the lab to check its quality.

 

 

4.  What do you mean by maternal and child care programme?

Ans: Maternal and child care programme is the programme run in a community in health centers, health posts, hospitals, or nursing homes about the health of birth giving women and new born baby.

 

 

5.  What different health organizations are providing community health services?

Ans: Hospitals, health centers, health posts, sub health posts, primary health care centers, etc. are the health organizations which are providing community health services.

 

 

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